Which of the following are risk factors for heart disease?

• A. Hair color, height, weight, eye color
• B. Race, age, sex, heredity; smoking, hypertension, exercise, diet, stress
• C. Season, temperature, humidity, pressure
• D. Favorite foods, pets, hobbies, language

Answer: (B)

Understanding risk factors for heart disease means recognizing which traits or conditions raise the chance of developing cardiovascular problems, and which can be changed. Some factors can’t be changed: race, age, sex, and heredity. These non-modifiable factors tell you someone’s baseline risk. The others are modifiable: smoking, high blood pressure, low or inconsistent physical activity, diet, and stress. This combination is why the best option is the one that includes both non-modifiable and modifiable factors—the non-modifiable ones plus specific lifestyle and health choices you can influence.

The other choices include traits that aren’t linked to heart disease risk, like hair color, eye color, height, or even environmental factors like season or weather, or assorted preferences that don’t predict risk. Focusing on the correct factors helps you prioritize prevention: quitting smoking, controlling blood pressure, following a heart-healthy diet, staying physically active, and managing stress.