What obstetric emergency occurs when the developing embryo implants outside the uterus, most often in the fallopian tube, and can rupture causing severe bleeding?

• A. Ectopic pregnancy
• B. Spontaneous abortion
• C. Preeclampsia
• D. Supine hypotensive syndrome

Answer: (A)

An ectopic pregnancy occurs when a fertilized egg implants outside the uterus, most often in the fallopian tube. The fallopian tube cannot accommodate a growing embryo, so if implantation occurs there, it may rupture and spill blood into the abdominal cavity. That rupture can cause life-threatening internal bleeding and shock, making this an emergency.

In a patient with pregnancy symptoms plus sudden, severe abdominal pain and vaginal bleeding, you should treat it as a ruptured ectopic pregnancy until proven otherwise. Provide rapid transport, administer high-flow oxygen, establish two IV lines, and be prepared for aggressive fluid resuscitation and surgical intervention if needed.