Rest and digest: which division of the autonomic nervous system governs digestion and energy conservation?

• A. Parasympathetic
• B. Sympathetic
• C. Autonomic nervous system
• D. Somatic nervous system

Answer: (A)

Digestion and energy conservation are controlled by the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system. This branch promotes “rest and digest” activities: it slows the heart, increases blood flow to the digestive tract, stimulates peristalsis and secretions, and enhances salivation and other glandular activities needed to break down and absorb nutrients. In contrast, the sympathetic division triggers “fight or flight,” prioritizing energy use for rapid action and often reducing digestive activity. The autonomic nervous system includes both parasympathetic and sympathetic branches, while the somatic nervous system handles voluntary control of skeletal muscles. So, the rest-and-digest functions, especially digestion and energy storage, are handled by the parasympathetic division.