Premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall leading to bleeding and potential fetal/maternal compromise is called

• A. Placenta previa
• B. Abruptio placentae
• C. Ectopic pregnancy
• D. Uterine rupture

Answer: (B)

Premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall, with bleeding and potential fetal or maternal compromise, is called abruptio placentae. It typically occurs after 20 weeks and presents with sudden, often painful vaginal bleeding and a tender or firm uterus as the placenta detaches and disrupts blood flow. This can lead to fetal distress and maternal hemorrhage, and in severe cases, shock or coagulopathy.

This differs from placenta previa, which causes painless bleeding as the placenta sits over the cervix; ectopic pregnancy, where implantation occurs outside the uterus; and uterine rupture, a tear in the uterine wall usually linked to labor or prior uterine surgery.

In the field, treat it as an obstetric emergency: ensure airway and breathing, establish rapid IV access, monitor the mother and fetus, anticipate heavy bleeding, and prepare for delivery if there is significant fetal or maternal compromise.