Which condition is characterized by sudden weight gain, visual disturbances, facial and hand swelling, headaches, and hypertension in the third trimester?

• A. Supine hypotensive syndrome
• B. Eclampsia
• C. Pregnancy induced hypertension
• D. Preeclampsia

Answer: (D)

This scenario tests recognition of preeclampsia, a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy defined by new-onset hypertension after 20 weeks with signs of end-organ involvement. The features described—sudden weight gain from edema, facial and hand swelling, headaches, and visual disturbances in the third trimester—are classic manifestations. Edema and rapid weight gain reflect fluid shifts and endothelial dysfunction, while headaches and visual changes signal central nervous system involvement from the elevated blood pressure.

Supine hypotensive syndrome typically causes dizziness and lightheadedness due to decreased venous return when lying on the back and is associated with maternal hypotension, not the hypertension seen here. Eclampsia involves seizures and is a progression from preeclampsia, whereas pregnancy-induced hypertension (gestational hypertension) is high blood pressure after 20 weeks without the end-organ signs described. Putting it together, these findings best fit preeclampsia, a condition that requires careful monitoring and often delivery to protect both mother and fetus.